Séminaire de mathématiques appliquées

L’optimisation stochastique englobe des méthodes permettant de minimiser une fonction de coût avec un caractère aléatoire, problème qui intervient souvent en machine learning et en particulier dans l’entraînement des réseaux de neurones. L'exemple le plus connu et le plus étudié d'une telle méthode est l'algorithme de la descente du gradient introduit par Robbins et Monro en 1951.

We consider a one-dimensional simple random walk killed by quenched soft obstacles. The position of the obstacles is drawn according to a renewal process with a power-law increment distribution. In a previous work, we computed the large-time asymptotics of the quenched survival probability. In the present work we continue our study by describing the behaviour of the random walk conditioned to survive. We prove that with large probability, the walk quickly reaches a unique time-dependent optimal gap that is free from obstacle and gets localized there. We actually establish a dichotomy.

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Dependence measures based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, also known as Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion and denoted HSIC, are widely used to statistically decide whether or not two random vectors are dependent. Recently, non-parametric HSIC-based statistical tests of independence have been performed. However, these tests lead to the question of the choice of the kernels associated to the HSIC. In particular, there is as yet no method to objectively select specific kernels with theoretical guarantees in terms of first and second kind errors.

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